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Black fungus cultivation techniques
(1) Tree selection: There are many trees suitable for growth and development of black fungus. However, in order to adjust to local conditions, tree species rich in local resources and easy to grow long-eared fungus are used. In addition to tree species such as turpentine, essential oil, alcohol and ether, and economic trees, other tree species can be cultivated with fungus. At present, the common tree species are Quercus variabilis, Mosquitoes, Eucalyptus, Echinococcus fuliginea, Rice bran, Pterocarya stenoptera, Liquidambar formosana, Eucalyptus, Robinia pseudoacacia, Willow, Eucalyptus, Farnesia, and Pistacia chinensis. However, it is best to use cork oak and paralysis. (2) Cutting down trees: The historical custom is to “pump in nines†to cut down trees. Generally speaking, the trees can be felled before the leaves turn yellow until the new leaves germinate, because this period is the “dormancy†period of the trees, and the nutrients in the tree stems are positive. It is in a stagnant state, with less water and the most abundant and concentrated nutrients. This is called cutting down the tree. At the same time, the cut tree, bark and xylem combined tightly during this period, the bark is not easy to remove after cutting, which is conducive to the growth and development of black fungus. The felled trees were born 7 to 8 years old on the sunny slope, and were born on shady slopes or poor soils for 8 to 10 years. The thickness of the tree stems is the best at 10 cm and the length is 1 meter. One 50. The method of felling requires a low stay, 10 to 15 centimeters higher than the ground; from the two sides of the tree pole, the axe is left as a "crow's mouth", which is beneficial to the old tree bursting technique and will not be stagnant. Buds will not sprout more buds and affect tree renewal. The convulsions are advocated at the time of cutting, and brooms are not advocated. This will not only help protect the saplings, but also facilitate water and soil conservation. (3) Branching: After the tree is cut down, do not cut the branch immediately. Retaining the branches and leaves can accelerate the evaporation of the tree's moisture, prompting the tree stem to dry quickly, causing the cell tissue to die, and at the same time, facilitating the nutrient on the treetop to be concentrated on the trunk. . Wait for ten days and a half months before doing the sticking. When ticking, use a sharp machete to flatten the trunk from the bottom up and cut it into "copper coins" or "bull eyes". Do not cut too deep and damage the cortex. After the cut, it is best to use lime. To prevent the invasion of bacteria and accumulation of water, but also easy to pile on stage. (4) The interception bar: In order to facilitate the stacking, positioning, erection, management and harvesting of the ear sticks, and at the same time, it is convenient to absorb moisture when the ear sticks are put down, a long stem should be cut into 3 feet long. Short stick. When cutting, use a hand saw or a chain saw to cut the head and apply it with lime water to prevent bacteria infection. (5) racking the sun: Selenium is a good cut off the stick, the choice of terrain Gaozao, ventilation, sunny place, piled into a high about 1 meter "well" shape or "fish-shaped" pile, let it Lose water quickly. In the drying process, every 10 days or so, it is turned up and down once, to promote even drying of the ear stick, shelf drying time, according to the tree species, the thickness of the ear stick and climate conditions and other flexible control, the general shelf For 1 month to 1 month and a half of drying time, the ear can lose 3 to 40% moisture before the sun exposure. (6) Ear field selection: The place where ear racks are emitted is called the ear field. The quality of ear environment is directly related to the growth and development of black fungus and its final production. Generally speaking, it is best to choose a mountain sheltered from the wind in the south of the north. This place has a long day of sunshine and a small temperature difference between day and night. It is often covered with clouds and fog in the morning and evening, with high humidity and air circulation, which is most suitable for the growth and development of black fungus. When selecting the field, it should be close to the water source, which is conducive to artificial rainfall. The gradient should be 15 to 30 degrees, and should not be selected in the stone, chalk, or shovel soil. After the site is selected, it should be cleaned up, thinning dense trees inside the site, and cutting shrubs, thorns, and perishable weeds, leaving only a small number of tall, broad-leaved trees with small crowns or less dense foliage. In summer, it is appropriate to shade the ears. Before the cultivation, insecticides are applied to the ground, and bleaching powder, quicklime, etc. are used to disinfect once; in the winter, firewood is best used to burn the field. The ramensis, turf, and moss on the site should not be eradicated to prevent soil erosion and keep the ear wet. (7) Inoculation: Inoculation is to plant the cultivated hyphae to the ear sticks in the sun, so that it can be established in the ear sticks and grow out of fruit bodies. This is the key to artificial cultivation of black fungus. A process is a major technological innovation in production. It has quick results and high output. When vaccinating, firstly sterilize the ear field and the ear canal (use disinfectant or fire to burn it, disinfect the tools with alcohol or boiling water, wash it manually with soapy water. Select a cool place, do not let the sun shine directly on the bacteria, avoid In the rainy days, the inoculation time is usually from February to early May, and it can be carried out between the white dew and the cold dew in the autumn, depending on the type of the inoculation, different tools such as branches and triangles can be used; Cut axe with axe, put sawdust and sticks or triangular wood together into the cut-off hole, use the back of the axe to gently tighten, in order not to fall off the principle; Sawdust, particles, available 10mm hand drill, punch or hollow punch Drilling, stuffing the bacteria into the hole, covering with a bark cover, and gently tightening.The density of the seed, the general spacing is 2 inches, the spacing between the plants is 2.5 to 3 inches, arranges into a "product" shape or is interlaced into a plum shape. The density of both ends of the ear stick is large, so that the mycelium can quickly occupy the position and prevent the invasion of the bacteria.The depth of the seed is to penetrate the bark and enter the xylem for 3 to 4. (8) On top of the pile and plant: on the heap Is to maintain proper temperature and humidity, The mycelium quickly colonizes and colonizes the ear stick, which is an important step in the success of the inoculation.The method is: first select the site, remove the weeds, spray a little insecticide or bleach, Into the soil, and then put the inoculated ears stick flat, piled into a "well" shape or "fish back" shape can be, stacking high 3 feet, that is, tightly covered with plastic film, around the soil pressure, sprinkle a circle Insecticides are used to prevent ants from eating hyphae on piles.The temperature in the heap should be maintained between 22°C and 32°C, and the humidity should be kept between 60% and 70%. If the temperature is too high, the surrounding film can be lifted off and once the wind is applied. The temperature can be lowered, and once every 10 days or so, one-time turning is performed, that is, turning up and down both inside and outside, so that the temperature and humidity of the inner ear canal are often kept evenly. Sprinkle water once, if you have the opportunity to receive rain better, plant it in about 1 month or so.(9) Stacking and stacking: After the ear sticks are planted on the top of the pile, the mycelium has grown out of the ear sticks, and it can be piled up. The purpose of the pomp is to let the stick stick to absorb moisture and accept it However, the sunshine, rain, and fresh air in the world change its living environment and allow it to quickly adapt itself to the natural world, prompting the mycelium to further spread rapidly in the ear, from the growth stage to the development stage. Spread on the ground, the body can not be attached to the ground, the distance between the two points 2. The site is best some slope, so as not to rain the site flooded the ear stick.Every 10 days or so once the flip stick, will be the original sticker On the one hand, the other side is turned upside down and the original side of the sky is turned over so that the rods absorb the moisture evenly and the wet bacteria can be avoided. The ear buds are clustered in about one month and the stand can be erected. 10) Stand management: When the ear buds are covered with sticks, it shows that the growth and development of the mycelium has entered the solid phase. At this time, the external conditions of “dry and wet and wet†are needed. After the stand, it can meet its needs. It can also reduce the number of bacteria and pests that do not adapt to this condition.The method of the stand is to use a long rod to make a beam, two ends are supported by a forked tree twig, and then the lug rod leans against the beam. Constitute a "person" shape with 2 inches of space between each stick. Each rack was calculated with 50 bars. The post-shelf management work is very important. As the saying goes, “three minutes, seven minutes,†there is income and confiscation, and income is less, more income is less, and management is more important. Management work mainly includes long Grass, germs, pests, regulate temperature and humidity, air and light.At midday in the summer, try to avoid strong light directly on the ears, in the winter to the earbuds to be laid down, let it stick to absorb moisture, keep warm, promote early in the coming year, (11) Harvesting and drying: After the fungus grows up, it must be picked and picked up carefully to ensure good yields, ears and autumn ears must be picked up, and small ears should be picked up before they grow. Picking, because of the high temperatures in the sky, more pests, bacteria multiply faster, mature ears will be eaten and rotted by the insects, ear picking time, best when the ears close after the rain, or the morning dew does not dry When ears are soft and harvested, they should be collected and diluted on the drying table, dried in the hot sun for a time, and should not be turned over when drying, so as not to cause fists and ears. Wet the harvested ears to dried thatched grass or dried fungus, let Yumao Grass or dried fungus sucks in a piece of water, and when it is fine, it is moved out and dried together.If the harvest is not available, you can use a plastic film to hold the ear frame, and do not allow the growing fungus to continue to rain and draught, causing flow. Rod loss.